The LABOCA ECDFS Submm Survey
LESS is an extragalactic submm survey using
the Laboca Camera on the 12-m APEX
Telescope. The project has mapped the 0.5×0.5 degree Extended
Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS) field at 870um to a
depth of ~1.2mJy.
Far-infrared (FIR) bright galaxies are some of the most luminous galaxies at z~0, but, they contribute just 0.3% of the luminosity density. They could therefore be easily dismissed as an unimportant component of the galactic zoo, except that new sensitive submillimetre cameras have shown that ultraluminous FIR galaxies (ULIRGs) are much more common at high redshifts. These surveys show that the volume density of luminous submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) increases by 1000x out to a redshift of z~2, and thus, in contrast to the local Universe, luminous obscured galaxies at high redshifts could dominate the total bolometric emission from all galaxies at early epochs. To investigate this population, we have used the new large-format LABOCA submillimetre bolometer array on the APEX telescope to survey the ECDFS.
The ECDFS is a 0.5x0.5 degree region centred on the Chandra Deep Field South at 03:32 -27:48. This field has very low far-infrared backgrounds and good ALMA visibility and hence has become one of the pre-eminent fields for cosmological survey science. In particular, we highlight the recent Spitzer 70-um MIPS survey (and associated 24 and 160um observations) of the ECDFS - FIDEL (PI: Mark Dickinson) and the deep BLAST FIR mapping of this region at 250, 350 and 500um (PI: Mark Devlin). These are the deepest surveys at these wavelengths ever undertaken, and combined with the planned Herschel observations, will provide sufficient sensitivity at 870um, 70-500um and 1.4 GHz (as well as 24um) to tightly constrain the dust SEDs of SMGs for the first time. By including FIR photometry for our 870-um-detected sources (the FIR and 870um depths and beam-sizes are well-matched), we will reduce the uncertainties in LFIR by an order of magnitude, from ~30 to ~3 (assuming a range of SEDs for local IRAS galaxies), adding the VLA and Herschel fluxes will reduce this even further. Therefore, we will derive dust temperatures and masses and LFIR for the majority of the SMGs we detect and use these to test fundamental relations such as the form of the Far-infrared-radio correlation at high redshift. Comparably deep FIR observations are not planned for any other APEX (or ALMA) accessible fields and so this is the only region where deep submm and FIR data can be combined in the near-future to determine the true importance of SMGs for the energy balance in the high redshift Universe.
The LESS project was allocated 350 hours on LABOCA, with equal contributions from MPI and ESO. The PIs of LESS are: Ian Smail (ESO co-PI), Fabian Walter (ESO co-PI) and Axel Weiss (MPI PI). The survey is a collaboration of around 40 scientists based in Europe and the US: D. Alexander, E. Bell, F. Bertoldi, C. de Breuck, C. Cesarsky, S. Chapman, K. Coppin, P. Cox, H. Dannerbauer, J. Dunlop, M. Franx, R. Genzel, G. Hasinger, R. Ivison, A. Kovacs, K. Knudsen, E. Kreysa, D. Lutz, V. Mainieri, K. Meisenheimer, K. Menten, A. Omont, P. Popesso, A. Renzini, H.-W. Rix, E. Schinnerer, N. Foerster, G. Siringo, A.M. Swinbank, P. van der Werf, C. Vlahakis, N, Brandt, M. Dickinson, P. van Dokkum & E. Gawiser.
We were awarded an ESO VLT Large Programme (200hrs with VIMOS and FORS2) to obtain spectroscopy of the LESS SMGs (PI: Ian Smail). We have also been awarded ALMA Cycle 0 time to map the entire sample at high resolution at 850um (PI: Ian Smail).
The results from the survey are available here (the map is available from the ESO archive here):
12) ``A Herschel view of the far-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies'', Magnelli, B., Lutz, D., Santini, P., Saintonge, A., Berta, S., Albrecht, M., Altieri, B., Andreani, P., Aussel, H., Bertoldi, F., Bethermin, M., Bongiovanni, A., Capak, P., Chapman, S., Cepa, J., Cimatti, A., Daddi, E., Danielson, A.L.R., Dannerbauer, H., Dunlop, J.S., Elbaz, D., Farrah, D., Forster Schreiber, N.M., Genzel, R., Hwang, H.W., Ivison, R.J., Le Floc’h, E., Magdis, G., Maiolino, R., Nordon, R., Oliver, S.J., Perez Garcia, A., Poglitsch, A., Popesso, P., Pozzi, F., Riguccini, L., Rodighiero, G., Rosario, D., Roseboom, I., Salvato, M., Sanchez-Portal, M., Scott, D., Smail, I., Sturm, E., Swinbank, A.M., Tacconi, L.J., Valtchanov, I., Wuyts, S., 2011, A&A, submitted.
11) ``Panchromatic Estimation of Star Formation Rates in BzK Galaxies at z=1-3'', Kurczynski, P., Gawiser, E., Huynh, M., Ivison, R.J., Treister, E., Smail, I., Blanc, G.A., Cardamone, C.N., Greve, T.R., Schinnerer, E., Urry, M., van der Werf, P., Walter, F., 2011, ApJ, submitted. Postscript
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10) ``The LABOCA Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Clustering of submillimetre galaxies'', Hickox, R.C., Wardlow, J.L., Smail, I., Myers, A.D., Alexander, D.M., Swinbank, A.M., Danielson, A.L.R., Stott, J.P., Chapman, S.C., Coppin, K.E.K., Dunlop, J.S., Gawiser, E., Lutz, D., van der Werf, P., Weiss, A., 2011, MNRAS, in press. Postscript
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9) ``The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South:
A photometric redshift survey of submillimetre galaxies'', Wardlow, J.L., Smail, I.,
Coppin, K.E.K., Alexander, D.M., Brandt, W.N.,
Danielson, A.L.R., Luo, B., Swinbank, A.M., Walter, F., Weiss, A., Xue, Y.Q., Zibetti, S.,
Bertoldi, F., Biggs, A.D., Chapman, S.C., Dannerbauer, H., Dunlop, J.S., Gawiser, E.,
Ivison, R.J., Knudsen, K.K., Kovacs, A., Lacey, C.G., Menten, K.M., Padilla, N., Rix, H.-W., van der Werf, P.P., 2011, MNRAS, 415, 1479-1508. Postscript
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8) ``The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Radio and Mid-Infrared Counterparts to Submillimetre Galaxies'',
Biggs, A.D., Ivison, R.J., Ibar, E., Wardlow, J.L.,
Dannerbauer, H., Smail, I.,
Walter, F., Weiss, A., Chapman, S.C., Coppin, K.E.K., De Breuck, C., Dickinson, M., Knudsen, K.K., Mainieri, V., Menten, K., Papovich, C.,
2010, MNRAS, 413, 2314-2338.
7) ``A Joint Analysis of BLAST 250-500um and LABOCA 870um Observations in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South'',
Chapin, E.L., Chapman, S.C., Coppin, K.E.K.,
Devlin, M.J., Greve, T.R., Hasselfied, M.F., Hughes, D.H., Ivison, R.J., Marsden, G., Moncelsi, L., Pascale, E., Scott, D., Smail, I., Viero, M.P., Walter, F.,
Weiss, A., van der Werf, P., 2011, MNRAS, 411, 505-549.
Postscript
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6) ``The BLAST 250um-selected galaxy populations in GOODS-South'', Dunlop, J.S., Ade, P.A.R., Bock, J.J., Chapin, E.L., Cirasuolo, M., Coppin, K.E.K., Devlin, M.J., Griffin, M., Greve, T.R., Gundersen, J.O., Halpern, M., Hargrave, P.C., Hughes, D.H., Ivison, R.J., Klein, J., Kovacs, A., Marsden, G., Mauskopf, P., Netterfield, C.B., Olmi, L., Pascale, E., Patanchon, G., Rex, M., Scott, D., Semisch, C., Smail, I., Targett, T.A., Thomas, N., Truch, M.D.P., Tucker, C., Tucker, G.S., Viero, M.P., Walter, F., Wardlow, J.L., Weiss, A., Wiebe, D.V., 2009, MNRAS, 408, 2022-2050. Postscript
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5) ``A LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Submillimeter Properties of Near-IR Selected Galaxies'',
Greve, T.R., Weiss, A., Walter, F., Smail, I., Zheng, X.Z., Knudsen, K.K.,
Coppin, K.E.K., Kovacs, A., Bell, E.F., De Breuck, C., Dannerbauer, H., Dickinson, M., Gawiser, E., Lutz, D., Rix, H.-W., Schinnerer, E.,
Alexander, D.M., Bertoldi, F., Brandt, W.N., Chapman, S.C., Ivison, R.J.,
Koekemoer, A.M., Kreysa, E., Kurczynski, P., Menten, K., Siringo, G.,
Swinbank, A.M., van der Werf, P.P., 2009, ApJ, 719, 483-496. Postscript
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4) ``The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South:
Two modes of star formation in AGN hosts?'',
Lutz, D., Mainieri, V., Rafferty, D., Shao, L., Hasinger, G., Weiss, A., Walter, F., Smail, I., Alexander, D.M., Brandt, W.N., Chapman, S., Coppin, K., Forster-Schreiber, N.M., Gawiser, E., Genzel, R., Greve, T.R., Ivison, R.J., Koekemoer, A.M.,
Kurczynski, P., Menten, K.M., Nordon, R., Popesso, P., Silverman, J.D., Wardlow, J., Xue, Y.Q., 2009, ApJ, 712, 1287-1301.Postscript
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3) ``BLAST: the far-infrared/radio correlation in distant galaxies'',
Ivison, R.J., Alexander, D.M., Biggs, A.D., Brandt, W.N., Chapin, E.L.,
Devlin, M.J., Dickinson, M., Dunlop, J., Dye, S., Eales, S.,
Frayer, D.T., Halpern, M., Hughes, D.H., Ibar, E., Kovacs, A.,
Marsden, G., Moncelsi, L., Netterfield, C.B., Pascale, E.,
Patanchon, G., Rafferty, D.A., Rex, M., Scott, D., Semisch, C.,
Smail, I., Truch, M.D.P. Tucker, G.S., Viero, M.P.,
Walter, F., Weiss, A., Wiebe, D.V., Xue, Y.Q., 2010, MNRAS, 402, 245-258. Postscript
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2) ``The LABOCA Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South'', Weiss, A., Kovacs, A., Coppin, K.E.K., Greve, T.R., Walter, F.,
Smail,
I., Dunlop, J.S., Knudsen, K.K., Alexander, D.M., Bertoldi, F., Brandt, W.N., Chapman, S.C., Cox, P., Dannerbauer, H., De Breuck, C., Gawiser, E., Ivison, R.J., Lutz, D., Menten, K.M., Koekemoer, A.M., Kreysa, E., Kurczynski, P., Rix, H.-W., Schinnerer, E., van der Werf, P.P., 2009, ApJ, 707, 1201-1216. Postscript
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1) ``A Submillimetre Galaxy at z=4.76 in the LABOCA Survey
of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South'',
Coppin, K.E.K., Smail, I., Alexander, D.M., Weiss, A., Walter, F., Swinbank, A.M., Greve, T.R., Kovacs, A., De Breuck, C., Dickinson, M., Ibar, E., Ivison, R.J., Reddy, N., Spinrad, H., Stern, D., Brandt, W.N., Chapman, S.C., Dannerbauer, H., van Dokkum, P., Dunlop, J.S., Frayer, D., Gawiser, E., Geach, J.E., Huynh, M., Knudsen, K.K., Koekemoer, A.M., Lehmer, B.D., Menten, K., Papovich, C., Rix, H.-W., Schinnerer, E., Wardlow, J.L., van der Werf, P.P., 2009, MNRAS, 395, 1905-1914. Postscript
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